Moscow University
Anthropology
Bulletin
Anthropology
Bulletin
1) Peter the Great Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography (Kunstkamera) of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint-Petersburg; 2) Institute of Archeology of Russian Academy of Science, Moscow; 3) Lomonosov Moscow State University, Anuchin Research Institute and Museum of Anthropology, Mokhovaya st., 11, Moscow, 125009, Russia
Khartanovich V.I., ORCID ID: 0000-0002-5533-0687, e-mail: vkhartan@mail.ru; Moiseyev V.G., e-mail: vmoiseyev@mail.ru; Mednikova Maria B, Ph.D., D.Sc. , ORCID ID: 0000-0002-1918-2161, e-mail: medma_pa@mail.ru; Dobrovol’skaya Mariya Vsevolodovna, Ph.D., D.Sc., ORCID ID: 0000-0001-9695-4199, e-mail: mk_pa@mail.ru; Buzhilova Alexandra P., Ph.D., D.Sc., ORCID ID: 0000-0001-6398-2177, e-mail: albu_pa@mail.ru
Human fossils found in a burial in multilayer Upper Paleolithic settlement of Kostenki XIV (Markina Gora) were in the focus of many anthropological and archaeological researches since their discovery in 1954. The reasons of this were perfect preservation of almost complete skeleton, early dating and unusual morphological characteristics of the buried individual. The result of genetic researches of the last decade, namely sound evidence of close affinities of K XIV man with Mesolithic and Modern Europeans while absence of close relations with Melanesian or Papuan populations suggested by earlier morphologic researches, sets new challenges for future studies. In this paper we present the main results of complex morphologic, isotopic, micro X-ray and CT studies of the Markina Gora fossils. The results of the analysis of cranial metric traits reveal high level of similarity between the Markina Gora man and Mesolithic, Neolithic and Bronze Age European groups. This result fully agrees with genetic data. The analysis of skeletal characteristics highlights specificity of KXIV individual among early Eurasian Modern Humans while points to similarity with more gracile Magdalenian populations. According to isotopic data K XIV man had high-protein diet typical for the Upper Paleolithic hunter-gatherers. No evidences of exploitation of the water resources were found. Specific characteristics of the muscle relief suggest that K XIV individual was definitely right-hander; his everyday activities were associated with heavy weight lifting and walking long distances. Several serious traumas were detected on the skull and the skeleton. One injury which was inflicted by a sharp object on the man’s left ilium shows no traces of healing and so can be a possible cause of his death.
Upper Paleolithic, Kostenki XIV settlement, Markina Gora, cranial metric, osteology, paleo-pathology, isotopic analysis, paleo-diet
Цит.: Khartanovich V.I. , Moiseyev V.G., Mednikova M.B., Dobrovolskaya M.V., Buzhilova A.P. The Upper Paleolithic Man from Markina gora (Kostenki XIV): results of complex studies // Moscow University Anthropology Bulletin (Vestnik Moskovskogo Universiteta. Seria XXIII. Antropologia), 2016; 2/2016; с. 4-17
Download text