Moscow University
Anthropology
Bulletin
Anthropology
Bulletin
Lomonosov Moscow State University, Anuchin Research Institute and Museum of Anthropology, Mokhovaya st., 11, Moscow, 125009, Russia
Batsevich Valery A., PhD; ORCID ID: 0000-0003-3833-1588; batsevich53@mail.ru; Mashina Darya A., ORCID ID: 0000-0001-5130-2939; darya.mashina@gmail.com; Permiakova Ekaterina Yu., PhD, ORCID ID: 0000-0002-6490-4004; ekaterinapermyakova@gmail.com.
Introduction. This study is devoted to a comparative assessment of the dynamics of anthropological characteristics in Tuvan urban and rural schoolchildren belonging to the same adaptive type on the background of the “transformation” of the traditional way of life. The first comprehensive anthropoecological surveys of the population of this region were carried out by anthropologists back in the 70’s of the last century, therefore this work should be considered as monitoring the study of the dynamics of adaptation processes in the indigenous population in connection with changes in environmental factors, mainly socio-economic and cultural. Materials and methods. Comparative anthropoecological studies were carried out according to the standard morphophysiological program in two schoolchildren’s groups: the first was examined in the republic’s capital Kyzyl (413 individuals), and the second – in the Todzhinsky kozhuun (district) (376 individuals). The schoolchildren examined in capital, according to the place of birth and residence, can be conditionally classified as urban. This is the first generation who was born in the city, or moved to the city with their parents from different rural areas of the steppe zone of Tyva. A large number of internal migrants from other regions were found in the villages of Toji, but only the indigenous population – Tuvans-Todzhans - entered the development. Results. According to the results obtained, a comparison of the anthropometric data of urban and rural groups of schoolchildren in terms of total size and body composition (10 features) practically did not record significant differences across the entire age range. Of all the indicators analyzed, only the values of the muscular radii of the shoulder and crus in rural children, at almost all ages, significantly exceed the values in urban children. The observed differentiation at individual age points for other characteristics is more likely associated with the numerical characteristics of the samples. When comparing the growth curves for body length according to 1978 and 2019 the presence of accelerative processes and a secular trend in the population of the Todzhinsky district was revealed. Menarche age does not differ in urban and rural groups: it was 13,1 years for urban girls, 13,0 for rural girls. In 1978, the average age of menarche among schoolgirls from the Todzha district was 13,9 years. Conclusion. Thus, the intermediate results of anthropoecological studies carried out in the Republic of Tyva showed significant maladaptive changes, expressed in the acceleration of ontogenesis, among the Tuvan indigenous population: both among the rural and the emerging urban contingent.
anthropology; auxology; anthropoecology; growth and development; children and adolescents; adaptation; Tuvans; total body size; age of menarche
DOI: 10.32521/2074-8132.2020.4.020-031
Цит.: Batsevich V.A., Mashina D.A., Permiakova E.Yu. Socio-economic transformations on the territory of Tuva and changes in adaptive biological characteristics of the indigenous population // Moscow University Anthropology Bulletin (Vestnik Moskovskogo Universiteta. Seria XXIII. Antropologia), 2020; 4/2020; с. 20-31
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