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5. Spacial variations of anthropometric dimensions of children of first and second childhood in connection with anthropogenic, climatic and geographical factors

Spacial variations of anthropometric dimensions of children of first and second childhood in connection with anthropogenic, climatic and geographical factors

Fedotova T.K., Gorbacheva A.K., Sukhova A.V.

Lomonosov Moscow State University, Anuchin Research Institute and Museum of Anthropology, Mokhovaya, 11, Moscow, 125009, Russia

Fedotova Tatiana K, PhD., DSc.; ORCID ID: 0000-0001-7750-7924; tatiana.fedotova@mail.ru; Gorbacheva Anna K., PhD.; ORCID ID: 0000-0001-5201-7128; angoria@yandex.ru; Sukhova Alla V., PhD.; ORCID ID: 0000-0002-8809-3592; alla-sukhova@bk.ru.

Abstract

Material and methods. Used data are limited to 1960s-beginning of the 1970s in order to avoid the influence of secular trend and heterogeneity of urban. About 100 samples for each age were used with 100 examined individuals for each age/sex group. Anthropogenic factors used in the study cover different spheres of anthropogenic activity: anthropogenic misbalance of ecosystems; medical and ecological type of the region; quantity, density, and income of population; concord of social structure; technogenic pollution of water and air; the incidence of cardiovascular disease and child oncology. Climate and geographical parameters include insolation level as the factor of skeletal growth; latitude and longitude of the settlement, indirectly characterizing the same insolation level; difference between minimal and maximal month temperatures as the factor of ecological discomfort; minimal January temperature as the factor of body mass variability; total climate discomfort - influence of the sum of main climatic parameters – temperature balance, winter duration, winter wind frequency, etc. – on life conditions. Results. Height and weight of children from large urban agglomerations (with bigger, denser and wealthier population) are bigger than the same parameters of children from smaller cities. The effect of climate factors also has been shown - the difference between minimal and maximal month temperatures and minimal January temperature as factors of ecological discomfort have a significant effect on weight parameters and chest girth of children. Discussion. Anthropogenic factors have a stronger influence on height and weight variability of children of the first and second childhood than climate factors – 10-11% of parameters variation and 7% respectively. Climate factors affect somatic diversity of chest girth and weight – parameters, associated with the functioning of cardiovascular and respiratory systems – that are much closer connected to the adaptation to climate conditions that, for example, height.

Keywords

anthropology; auxology; children aged 4, 6 and 9; influence of climatic factors on height and weight variability of children

DOI: 10.32521/2074-8132.2019.1.049-061

Цит.: Fedotova T.K., Gorbacheva A.K., Sukhova A.V. Spacial variations of anthropometric dimensions of children of first and second childhood in connection with anthropogenic, climatic and geographical factors // Moscow University Anthropology Bulletin (Vestnik Moskovskogo Universiteta. Seria XXIII. Antropologia), 2019; 1/2019; с. 49-61