Moscow University
Anthropology
Bulletin
Anthropology
Bulletin
National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Arzamas branch, Arzamas
Anthropological characteristics of the urban and rural students from several administrative areas of the Nizhny Novgorod Region were assessed using regional assessment tables. The research was conducted on the base of Nizhny Novgorod State University, Arzamas branch, in a research laboratory involved in student physical health monitoring, using materials from a cross sectional anthropological study of 3242 students (1700 boys and 1542 girls respectively). Of these 1197 are from Arzamas district and 2045 are from the city of regional subordination – Arzamas (26,1% of the total number of 12 463 students aged 7–17 from the city and region). Observation included measurements of somatic characteristics – anthropometric indicators: stature, body weight, thorax circumference; physiometric indicators: vital lung capacity, right hand dynamometry; hemodynamic indicators: heart rate, systolic and diastolic pressure, and the calculation of the Ketle2 index [Baranov, Kuchma, Yampolskay, 2010]. Each parameter was assessed both in absolute values and in the centile scales, according to the assessment tables for rural and urban students of Nizhny Novgorod Region [Matveeva, 2010; Bogomolova, 2011]. The objectification of absolute values is presented in a form of adjoint centile distribution from the first to the eighth centile interval. According to the estimates of stature and Ketle’s index, five groups with various degree of physical development are specified: normal physical development, decreased and low body weight, increased body weight and overweight, low and high stature. Statistical processing of the data was carried out by means of parametric and nonparametric statistical analysis. Statistically significant differences in distribution of the measurements were found between males and females, with the exception of stature, vital lung capacity and heart rate. The percentage of distribution of rural students with low and high stature come close to the standard, there are more boys with the high body weight as shown by the right-hand shift of the distribution in relation to the standard in a given age and sex group. Physical development of rural students is characterized by the right-hand shift of centile distributions of physiometric parameters. Analysis of hemodynamic indicators reveal high percentage of students with high (the seventh and the eighth centile interval) rates of systolic and diastolic blood pressure. The relationship between functional indicator values and physical development are revealed, students with low body weight and low stature show low values than those with normal physical development. The revealed distinctions are related to the specifics of regional stratification: the Southern location of the area within the district, relative equidistance of rural settlements and their schools from the industrial center – the city of regional submission – Arzamas. The dynamics of weight-growth ratio in centile distribution shows that urban students are more represented in the first and eighth centile intervals relative to rural. This indicates a higher prevalence of representatives with low and high stature and body weight among urban students. Application of the assessment tables to rural students shows larger percentage of harmoniously developing children, and urban students in relation to them are characterized by higher percentage of representatives with low weight and high stature. The assessment tables of physical development for rural students are more appropriate for the assessment of anthropological characteristics of Arzamas region and Arzamas city students than the standards of Nizhny Novgorod.
anthropology, auxology, rural and urban children and adolescents, physical development, centile intervals, assessment tables
Цит.: Kalyuzhny E.A. Auxological aspects of anthropometrical screenings of urban and rural students from Nizhny Novgorod Region // Moscow University Anthropology Bulletin (Vestnik Moskovskogo Universiteta. Seria XXIII. Antropologia), 2017; 3/2017; с. 86-93
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