Moscow University
Anthropology
Bulletin
Anthropology
Bulletin
Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology, RAS, Moscow
Pestryakov A.N., e-mail: labrecon@yandex.ru; Grigorieva O.M., e-mail: labrecon@yandex.ru
The purpose of this work is to study the variability of some (basic) parameters of skull in Eskimo series with the aim of identifying their genesis, as well as the geography distribution of gene frequencies of system ABO blood-groups in their modern populations. The article includes literary craniological data on the Eskimo concerning the total parameters of the skull and its shape studied with the original method, devised by the authors of their articles. It also examines the geographical variability of the system ABO blood-groups in the 28 modern populations of the Eskimo. The claster-analysis was used to compare craniological series and populations of modern Eskimo. It was found out that the eastern populations of the Eskimo (Greenland, Northern Canada) have the biggest size of the skull, most narrow and most height vault. The same parameters characterize the ancient eskimo’s cranioseries of the Beringian region (burial grounds Equen and Uellen). The same type of the skull testifies to the south impurities in their composition, which is confirmed by some of the racially-morphological features. The Eskimo of Alaska have an intermediate position between the western (Asian) Eskimos and more eastern. Ancient series of Alaskans Eskimo in the relation to the later series of the same cemeteries have bigger size and more narrow and high cranium. It is possible to consider, that in the eastern part of the area of Eskimo the craniological type of their primary wave to the Arctic preserved. This craniotype is similar to one of Oceanids (Polynesians) and the authors gave it a special term macrotropids. The system of ABO blood-groups also shows the difference between the Eskimo eastern parts of their area and the western groups. The Eskimo of Greenland and Northern Canada have minimal concentration of gene q (blood group B) – the average 0,047 and maximum frequency of a gene p (blood group A) – in average 0,297. In the contrast of the Asian Eskimo has the maximum concentration of gene q – 0,157, and a minimum of p – 0,189. Geographically intermediate – Eskimo of Alaska provide intermediate value of the frequency of these genes – p (0,290), q (0,088). Eskimo wave brought to America gene q, because the Indians of North and South America apparently lack this gene. The more recent migration waves of Eskimo had a greater concentration of this gene, and lesserof gene p. According to these two systems Eskimo populations demonstrate the similar vector of space-time variability. In the east of the Eskimo’s area the population is characterized by more ancient anthropological features.
craniology, craniological type, tropids, pacifids, holarctids, Eskimo, ABO blood system, gene frequencies
Цит.: Pestryakov A.N., Grigorieva O.M. Anthropological variability of the eskimo (craniology and system ABO blood-groups) in the process of their geographical moving // Moscow University Anthropology Bulletin (Vestnik Moskovskogo Universiteta. Seria XXIII. Antropologia), 2011; 4/2011; с. 55-68
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