Moscow University
Anthropology
Bulletin
Anthropology
Bulletin
1) Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology RAS, Moscow; 2) Lomonosov Moscow State University, Anuchin Research Institute and Museum of Anthropology, Mokhovaya st., 11, Moscow, 125009, Russia; 3) Russian State University of Physical Culture, Sports and Tourism, Moscow
Butovskaya Marina L., Ph.D., D.Sc., prof., ORCID ID: 0000-0002-5528-0519, e-mail: marina.butovskaya@gmail.com; Veselovskaya Elizaveta V., Ph.D., D.Sc., assoc. prof., ORCID ID: 0000-0002-2932-9884, e-mail: veselovskaya.e.v@yandex.ru; Godina E.Z., D.Sc., prof., ORCID ID: 0000-0002-0692-420X, e-mail: egodina11@gmail.com; Silaeva L.V., e-mail: nou@sportedu.ru
Introduction. Adaptation to different living conditions and genetical-automatic processes are the main causes of polytypism and polymorphism in modern human populations. In the evolutionary process biological and social transformations were closely connected with each other. Materials and Methods. The results of an integrated study of students at Russian University of Physical Culture, Sports and Tourism were used, as well materials of investigation of highly qualified sportsmen (youth national team in football and judo). A control group consisted of students from Moscow universities who were not going in for sport. Data were collected in 2006-2008. The sample of sportsmen consisted of 218 males, the control group – of 70 males. The age range varied from 17 to 30 years. The program included anthropometric measurements, body composition characteristics evaluated by bioimpedance analysis (BIA) and the set of psychological characteristics. Body and face measurements were conducted according to the standard techniques used at the Institute of Anthropology, Moscow State University [Bounak, 1941]. Body stature was measured with the anthropometer, and body weight – with the electronic scales. Body mass index has been calculated as a result of these two measurements. In addition length of the 2nd and 4th fingers at both hands were measured according to the technique by J. Manning: from the inner edge of the basal ridge to the finger tip [Manning, 2002]. Each finger has been measured twice, with the average estimate being taken. Finger index has been calculated for each person by dividing an average length of the 2nd finger to an average length of the 4th one. Results and Discussion. When the combined sample of sportsmen was compared with the non-sportsmen it was shown that the former differed from the latter by the whole set of traits, so-called “masculinity markers”. The sportsmen were more balanced, more self-assured and oriented towards outer success. However they were also more conservative and not inclined to master new experience. The sportsmen were less inclined to venture risks, but at the same time much more aggressive than the controls. It was found that the achievements in different sports might reflect the general level of male adaptation in the concurrent struggle for resources. The obtained results could be interpreted as models of different life strategies of males in paeoanthropological reconstructions.
anthropology, physical anthropology, psychology, sportsmen, morphofunctional characteristics, personality traits, paleoanthropological reconstructions
Цит.: Butovskaya M.L., Veselovskaya E.V., Godina E.Z., Anisimova A.V., Silaeva L.V. Morphofunctional and personality characteristics of male sportsmen as a model of adaptive sets of traits in paleoreconstructions // Moscow University Anthropology Bulletin (Vestnik Moskovskogo Universiteta. Seria XXIII. Antropologia), 2011; 2/2011; с. 4-15
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