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5. Age regularities of changes of body weight and fat distribution in school children with different somatotypes

Age regularities of changes of body weight and fat distribution in school children with different somatotypes

Melnik V.A.

Gomel State Medical University, Gomel, Republic of Belarus

Melnik Viktor A.: e-mail: melnik76@tut.by.

Abstract

Introduction. Nowadays there are multidirectional tendencies of changes in subcutaneous fat deposition in children and adolescents in different countries of the world. Материал и методы. Объектом исследования явились учащиеся общеобразовательных школ г. Гомеля в возрасте от 7 до 17 лет. На протяжении 2-х учебных лет (2010–2012 гг.) было проведено комплексное морфофункциональное обследование 1693 мальчиков и 1757 девочек – всего 3450 школьников, не имеющих существенных отклонений в состоянии здоровья (I и II группы здоровья). Программа антропометрического исследования включала измерение массы тела и толщины кожно-жировых складок на спине, на задней поверхности плеча, на животе, на бедре. Рассчитывался индекс массы тела и средняя величина толщины 4-х кожно-жировых складок. Определение соматотипической принадлежности осуществлялось по новой количественной схеме. Results. As a result of the performed examination of the city schoolchildren aged from 7 to 17, it has been found that the age dynamics of body weight and the thickness of cellulocutaneous skinfolds depend on constitutional features of their body types. Hypersomnic boys and girls at the age of 9–10 showed the earliest maximum growth of body weight. Maximum growth of body weight for mesosomnic and leptosomic boys and girls was found at the age of 14–15 years and 12–13 respectively. Boys and girls with leptosomic somatotype had statistically lower BMI in comparison with mezo- and hypersomnic ones. The periods of the maximum growth of all examined cellulocutaneous skinfolds are earliest in hypersomnic boys (aged 9–10) and a bit later in mezo- and leptosomic ones. As for the girls with all the body types, the maximum growth rates of all cellulocutaneous skinfolds were found at the age 12–14 years. Reduction of adipopexis for the boys with all the somatotypes was revealed at the age 13–14 years and for the girls at the age 16–17 years. At the age of puberty girls of all the somatotypes show increase in adipopexis while the boys show decrease in the same feature. Conclusion. The age dynamics and thickness of cellulocutaneous skinfolds of the examined schoolchildren depend on sex, age and constitutional features of their body type.

Keywords

age dynamics; body weight; fat distribution; schoolchildren; somatotype

DOI: 10.32521/2074-8132.2018.1.059-064

Цит.: Melnik V.A. Age regularities of changes of body weight and fat distribution in school children with different somatotypes // Moscow University Anthropology Bulletin (Vestnik Moskovskogo Universiteta. Seria XXIII. Antropologia), 2018; 1/2018; с. 59-64