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5. The dynamics of constitution features, capacity for work indices and energy supply of skiers at the steps of «sport» ontogenesis with considering biologic maturity

The dynamics of constitution features, capacity for work indices and energy supply of skiers at the steps of «sport» ontogenesis with considering biologic maturity

Abramova T.F. (1), Golovachev A.I. (1), Nikitina T.M. (1), Kochetkova N.I. (1), Gilyarova O.A. (2)

1) Federal State Budgetary Institution «Federal Science Center for Physical Culture and Sport», Moscow; 2) Lomonosov Moscow State University, Anuchin Research Institute and Museum of Anthropology, Mokhovaya st., 11, Moscow, 125009, Russia

Abramova T.F., e-mail: ATF52@bk.ru; Golovachev A.I., e-mail: malta94@mail.ru; Nikitina T.M., e-mail: tanya_nikitin@mail.ru; Kochetkova N.I., e-mail: tanya-nikitin@mail.ru; Gilyarova O.A., e-mail: fellis@yandex.ru

Abstract

The achievement of great results in the modern sport is highly limited due to the high intensifica-tion of the training load and the lack of laws of growth, biological maturity, formation of leading systems of the activity energy supply. The following aspects have been studied: age-related dynamics of the con-stitution features, biologic age, indices of the capacity for work and energy supply of 696 skiers, who are 11–28 years old, from the period of initial orientation and selection to the step of greatest sports mastery. The methods applied: anthropometric measurements, the biologic age estimation, biochemical blood analysis (lactate), functional testing (anaerobic, aerobic and general capacity for work, the parameters of external respiration), the testing of speed-force qualities of arms and legs, the record of heart rate. There has been revealed the influence of puberty on the formation of the functional status and heterochronos of main energy supply systems development as well as the abilities of force of upper and lower extremities of the sportsmen skiers at the period of sports formation. The research has also shown the priority growth of power of all energy supply systems at the period of the beginning – middle of the puberty with the subse-quent differentiation of their formation by synchronizing of the power and regulatory characteristics de-velopment together with the integral development life sustenance development.

Keywords

growth, biological maturity, constitution, anaerobic and aerobic capacity for work, speed-force qualities, skiers

Цит.: Abramova T.F., Golovachev A.I., Nikitina T.M., Kochetkova N.I., Gilyarova O.A. The dynamics of constitution features, capacity for work indices and energy supply of skiers at the steps of «sport» ontogenesis with considering biologic maturity // Moscow University Anthropology Bulletin (Vestnik Moskovskogo Universiteta. Seria XXIII. Antropologia), 2012; 3/2012; с. 38-55