Moscow University
Anthropology
Bulletin
Anthropology
Bulletin
1) Federal state budgetary institution "Research Centre for medical genetics" of Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow; 2) Federal state budgetary institution "Institute of ethnology and anthropology" of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow
Spitsyn Viktor A.; Spitsyna N.Kh., Ph.D., e-mail: nailya.47@mail.ru
The present article concerns the actual problems of the genetic contribution in development of an occupational pathology among the persons working with various xenobiotics, and also communication of disease with increasing level of global pollution of environment. Xenobiotics (harmful environmental substances, medicines and their intermediate metabolites, pesticides, food additives, cosmetic means) are heterogeneous agents for a normal metabolism and can lead to occupational or multifactorial illnesses. Own comparative characteristics of discrete genetic polymorphism in representative samples sick of an asbestosis, silicosis, fluorosis, production workers of considering pathological conditions steady against their development, and also in control samples from Egoryevsk, Asbests, Novokuznetsk towns are resulted, etc. Polymorphisms in the genes associating with a differential susceptibility of people to influence of separate metals and their connections are investigated. The genetic effects shown at joint action of xenobiotics are discussed also. The effect of polarization of frequencies of genotypes and alleles of a number of loci between cohorts of subjects resistant and susceptible to environmental agents is revealed. The polarization in gene frequencies in patients with occupational diseases and in healthy long-term workers should emphasized. The methods of molecular genetics allows to detect specific DNA-polymorphisms associated to sensitivity/resistance to some occupational hazards. These results help to understand the pathogenesis of occupational diseases and open new possibilities for preventive medicine. Following basic conclusions are formulated: 1) there is a differential sensitivity of individuals to various environmental and to anthropogenous influences; 2) functional inadequacy alleles of a concrete gene, causes quantitative distinctions in a gene expression; 3) the effect of polyfunctionality of certain protein is revealed; 4) differential sensitivity also is connected with presence and number rare alleles at individuals.
ecological genetics, occupational illnesses, differential susceptibility/resistance, occupational selection
Цит.: Spitsyn V.A., Spitsyna N.Kh. Correlation of genetic variability and the anthropogenous environment. Anthropogenetic aspects of occupational work and occurrence of occupational illnesses // Moscow University Anthropology Bulletin (Vestnik Moskovskogo Universiteta. Seria XXIII. Antropologia), 2013; 1/2013; с. 76-87
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