Moscow University
Anthropology
Bulletin
Anthropology
Bulletin
Lomonosov Moscow State University, Anuchin Research Institute and Museum of Anthropology, Mokhovaya st., 11, Moscow, 125009, Russia
Dunaevskaya T.N., e-mail: nesmelov57@mail.ru; Fedotova Tatiana K, Ph.D., D.Sc., ORCID ID: 0000-0001-7750-7924, e-mail: tatiana.fedotova@mail.ru
The article deals with the history of applied studies of national economy value from the moment of the foundation of the Institute of Anthropology in 1922 till 1990th when these works were frozen due to the end of financing. The applied studies have been developing in the context of the general problems of the Institute – the research of the somatic variability of the Man in time and space; and in close contact and mutual enrichment with the investigations in human morphology, age anthropology, biometry, perfection and unification of the anthropometric technique. In 1930th -1940th the group of specialists elaborates the main theoretical and practical aspects of standrtization: criteria of representative sample, conformities of size traits variability and their combinations in wide contingents of population, aspects of application of correlation and regression analysis. These works were summarized in 1950th in the subject edition «Theory and methods of anthropological standartization». In 1955 according to the decree of the Council of Ministers of the USSR the special investigation of children and adult population was organized, provided with big staff and financial resources, to elaborate the size typology and size/length scales for the needs of clothing industry. The perfection of the principles and methods of elaboration of size typology of children and adults was stimulated in 1964 in the course of creation of the combined size/length standards for 7 countries-members of the Council of the Economic Assistance. The investigations encounting the vast quantity of population – 21 000 of adults and 31500 children – allowed to corroborate the assumption that the typology of different groups of population is represented by the invariant standard figures, while the intragroup differences come to the different frequency of these variants. The research of conformities of size variability of population allowed to elaborate the base to construct representative and long-term standards for the design of cloth and shoes for civil population, special equipment for different military categories and cosmonauts. Broad investigations of population allowed to fix that size-typological structure of population changes faster than the size traits of the typological figures, which demands the examining of population status each 5 years. The foundation and development of applied studies in the Institute through the years was held by V.V. Bunak, P.N. Bashkirov, P.I. Zenkevitch, M.V. Ignatiev, A.V. Pugacheva, E.I. Fortunatova, N.Yu. Lutovinova, M.I. Utkina, V.M. Krans, Yu.S. Kurshakova, T.N. Dunaevskaya, V.E. Deryabin and others. The article includes the list of main themes of national economy significance and anthropometric standards carried out in the laboratory.
anthropology, somatic variability, applied studies, anthropological standards, size typology, size-length scales, typological figures
Цит.: Dunaevskaya T.N., Fedotova T.K. The history of the Laboratory of Applied Anthropology of Institute of Anthropology of the Moscow State University // Moscow University Anthropology Bulletin (Vestnik Moskovskogo Universiteta. Seria XXIII. Antropologia), 2013; 1/2013; с. 62-75
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