Moscow University
Anthropology
Bulletin
Anthropology
Bulletin
Lomonosov Moscow State University, Institute and Museum of Anthropology, Moscow
This article assesses the contribution of physical activity, daily calorie intake and lack of sleep to the development of body fat indices in modern children and adolescents. According to the aim of this study, from the available array of published data those sources were selected that most informatively elucidate the problem of displacement of fat distribution towards the large values from the perspective of influence of the combination of these factors and their individual manifestations. It is shown that in USA and in South Brazil the tendency of increasing the amount of time in hypo kinetic activity plays the key role in displacement of BMI values towards the overweight and obesity. At the same time, however, no correlations of these indices with the calorie intake have been found for the latter group. Studies in the European region (Belgium, Greece, Bulgaria, Netherlands, Switzerland, Lithuania) are mainly devoted to assessing the contribution of physical exercises to the increase in the average BMI values and confirming global trends that describe their inverse relationship. A separate place in this group is occupied by Spanish children, for whom increasing of the calorie intake is also a factor that significantly affects this process along with a lack of sleep. A similar tendency has been found for Italian schoolchildren. A significant relationship between increased BMI and sleep duration was also proved for groups of South Chinese children and adolescents, while the quality of sleep itself does not affect the physical parameters. In Japanese schoolchildren an increase in BMI is accompanied by a decrease in the amount of time spent on physical activity, these changes are statistically significant (p <0,000). However, the calorie content of the daily diet decreases along with the amount of time spent in hypo kinetic activity in boys, in girls this trend is not so obvious: decrease of calorie intake is accompanied by an increase in the amount of time spent sitting at the computer etc. The percentage of overweight and obese children is increasing mostly due to lower physical activity as it was shown for other regions. The study devoted to the analysis of changes in the nutritional status and BMI of North Korean children that migrated to South Korea suggests a greater contribution of calorie intake to the BMI in this group. Thus, the causes of the displacement of somatic changes of modern children towards an increase of the parameters of body fat deposition can be interpreted as a response to the changes in daily calorie intake, level of physical activity and the amount of sleep. It should be noted that in different groups the gradient of these changes is also heterogeneous: they are not absolute in character and depend on other factors (ethnic, historical etc.).
physical anthropology, auxology, body composition, daily calorie intake, physical activity, lack of sleep, BMI
Цит.: Permiakova E.Yu. Impact of daily calorie intake, physical activity and lack of sleep on body fat deposition of modern children (based on foreign published data) // Moscow University Anthropology Bulletin (Vestnik Moskovskogo Universiteta. Seria XXIII. Antropologia), 2017; 2/2017; с. 39-44
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