Вестник Московского университета
Серия XXIII
Антропология

GENETIC DIVERSITY OF INDEGENOUS POPULATIONS OF TUVA REPUBLIC ON SNP – HAPLOGROUPS OF Y-CHROMOSOME

Damba Larissa (1,2), Skhalyakho Roza (2,3), Bogunovа Anna(4), Bogunov Yuriy (2,3), Agdzhoyan Anastasiya (3), Dibirova Khadizhat (2,3), Yusupov Uldash (5), Zhabagin Maxat (6), Balanovsky Oleg (3,2)

1) Research Institute of Medical and Social Problems and Control of the Healthcare, Department of the Tyva Republic, Kyzyl, Russia; 2) Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow, Russia; 3) Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia; 4) Amur State University of Humanities and Pedagogy, Komsomolsk-on-Amur, Russia; 5) Institute for Humanities Research of Republic of Bashkortostan, Ufa, Russia; 6) Center for Life Sciences, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan

Damba Larissa, e-mail: larissa_damba@mail.ru.

Аннотация

Studying of the genetic diversity of indigenous populations of the Altai-Sayan Mountains creates an additional historical source for reconstruction of ethnogenesis and ancient migratory ways of the populations of Southern Siberia. Polymorphism of the Y-chromosome in four indigenous populations of Tuva (N=333) was studied: Todzhintsy (N=87), Western (N=75), Central (N=81) and Southeast (N=90) Tuvinians. From 16 revealed haplogroups of Y-chromosomes the most frequent are North Eurasian haplogroups Q-M242, N1b-P43, N1c1a-M178, which have captured 60% of a gene pool of Tuvinians and more than 80% of a gene pool of Todzhintsy. At the western Tuvinians (so-called southern Siberian anthropological type) North Eurasian haplogroups N1b-P-43 and N1c1a-M178 prevail, and each of them cover about one-third of the Y-gene pool. Haplogroup Q-M242 is rare, while at Todzhintsy groups it makes half of the Y-gene pool, and at Southeast and Central Tuvinians groups it covers about a quarter of the Y-gene pool. Frequencies of East Eurasian haplogroup C3c-M48 and West Eurasian haplogroup R1a-M-198 at the western Tuvinians are approximately identical – everyone presents about 10% of the Y-gene pool. At the Northeast Tuvinians-Todzhintsy (so-called Katangsky variant of the Baikal anthropological type) after major haplogroup Q-M242, the second and third places are divided between haplogroups N1b-P-43 and N1c1a-M178 (overall about 40%). Other 10% are presented by West Eurasian haplogroups R1a1a-M198, R1b1a2-M269 and East Eurasian haplogroups C3c-M48 and O3-M122. Gene pools of Southeast Tuvinians (so-called Central Asian anthropological type) and the Central Tuvinians, are characterized by the maximum range of haplogroups. More than a quarter of the Y-gene pool belonged to North Eurasian haplogroups Q-M242, the fifth part of the gene pool consists of West Eurasian haplogroup R1a1a-M198. Not only haplogroups N1b-P-43 and N1c1a-M178 are presented with frequencies from 2 to 10%, but also haplogroups C3-M217, С3с-M48, C3d-M407, and O3-M122. The genetic structure of the studied populations of Tuvinians and Todzhintsy was computed by the analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA), with Fst=0.085. The cluster analysis of the populations of Southern Siberia on the matrix of genetic distances (average d=0.4) has shown that all Tuvinians and Todzhintsy formed a united cluster together with Khakas-Sagaytsy. Our results indicate the general background in the origin of the populations of Tuvinians and the preservation of an ancient “Siberian” layer (N1b-P-43, N1c1a-M178, Q-M242) in the gene pool of Todzhintsy in the conditions of geographical isolation in mountain and taiga areas. It can be emphasized that the conditions formed a refugium, where the gene pool kept traces of the ancient population of Southern Siberia.

Ключевые слова

Tuvinians, Todzhintsy, ethnogenesis, gene pool, haplogroups

Цит.: Damba Larissa, Skhalyakho Roza, Bogunovа Anna(4), Bogunov Yuriy, Agdzhoyan Anastasiya, Dibirova Khadizhat, Yusupov Uldash, Zhabagin Maxat, Balanovsky Oleg GENETIC DIVERSITY OF INDEGENOUS POPULATIONS OF TUVA REPUBLIC ON SNP – HAPLOGROUPS OF Y-CHROMOSOME // Вестник Московского университета. Серия XXIII. Антропология, 2014; 3/2014; с. 117-118

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