Вестник Московского университета
Серия XXIII
Антропология
Серия XXIII
Антропология
1) Research Institute of Medical and Social Problems and Control of the Healthcare, Department of the Tyva Republic, Kyzyl, Russia; 2) Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow, Russia; 3) Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia; 4) Amur State University of Humanities and Pedagogy, Komsomolsk-on-Amur, Russia; 5) Institute for Humanities Research of Republic of Bashkortostan, Ufa, Russia; 6) Center for Life Sciences, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan
Damba Larissa, e-mail: larissa_damba@mail.ru.
Studying of the genetic diversity of indigenous populations of the Altai-Sayan Mountains creates an additional historical source for reconstruction of ethnogenesis and ancient migratory ways of the populations of Southern Siberia. Polymorphism of the Y-chromosome in four indigenous populations of Tuva (N=333) was studied: Todzhintsy (N=87), Western (N=75), Central (N=81) and Southeast (N=90) Tuvinians. From 16 revealed haplogroups of Y-chromosomes the most frequent are North Eurasian haplogroups Q-M242, N1b-P43, N1c1a-M178, which have captured 60% of a gene pool of Tuvinians and more than 80% of a gene pool of Todzhintsy. At the western Tuvinians (so-called southern Siberian anthropological type) North Eurasian haplogroups N1b-P-43 and N1c1a-M178 prevail, and each of them cover about one-third of the Y-gene pool. Haplogroup Q-M242 is rare, while at Todzhintsy groups it makes half of the Y-gene pool, and at Southeast and Central Tuvinians groups it covers about a quarter of the Y-gene pool. Frequencies of East Eurasian haplogroup C3c-M48 and West Eurasian haplogroup R1a-M-198 at the western Tuvinians are approximately identical – everyone presents about 10% of the Y-gene pool. At the Northeast Tuvinians-Todzhintsy (so-called Katangsky variant of the Baikal anthropological type) after major haplogroup Q-M242, the second and third places are divided between haplogroups N1b-P-43 and N1c1a-M178 (overall about 40%). Other 10% are presented by West Eurasian haplogroups R1a1a-M198, R1b1a2-M269 and East Eurasian haplogroups C3c-M48 and O3-M122. Gene pools of Southeast Tuvinians (so-called Central Asian anthropological type) and the Central Tuvinians, are characterized by the maximum range of haplogroups. More than a quarter of the Y-gene pool belonged to North Eurasian haplogroups Q-M242, the fifth part of the gene pool consists of West Eurasian haplogroup R1a1a-M198. Not only haplogroups N1b-P-43 and N1c1a-M178 are presented with frequencies from 2 to 10%, but also haplogroups C3-M217, С3с-M48, C3d-M407, and O3-M122. The genetic structure of the studied populations of Tuvinians and Todzhintsy was computed by the analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA), with Fst=0.085. The cluster analysis of the populations of Southern Siberia on the matrix of genetic distances (average d=0.4) has shown that all Tuvinians and Todzhintsy formed a united cluster together with Khakas-Sagaytsy. Our results indicate the general background in the origin of the populations of Tuvinians and the preservation of an ancient “Siberian” layer (N1b-P-43, N1c1a-M178, Q-M242) in the gene pool of Todzhintsy in the conditions of geographical isolation in mountain and taiga areas. It can be emphasized that the conditions formed a refugium, where the gene pool kept traces of the ancient population of Southern Siberia.
Tuvinians, Todzhintsy, ethnogenesis, gene pool, haplogroups
Цит.: Damba Larissa, Skhalyakho Roza, Bogunovа Anna(4), Bogunov Yuriy, Agdzhoyan Anastasiya, Dibirova Khadizhat, Yusupov Uldash, Zhabagin Maxat, Balanovsky Oleg GENETIC DIVERSITY OF INDEGENOUS POPULATIONS OF TUVA REPUBLIC ON SNP – HAPLOGROUPS OF Y-CHROMOSOME // Вестник Московского университета. Серия XXIII. Антропология, 2014; 3/2014; с. 117-118
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