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5. MODERN TENDENCIES IN THE PHENOTYPE CHANGES OF HIGH-QUALIFIED ATHLETES

MODERN TENDENCIES IN THE PHENOTYPE CHANGES OF HIGH-QUALIFIED ATHLETES

Timakova Tatiana

Federal Scientific Centre of Physical Culture and Sport, Moscow, Russia

Timakova Tatiana, e-mail: timchita@yandex.ru.

Аннотация

Existing range of phenotypic diversity is considered as a result of human adaptation to complex civilization processes (V.A. Geodakjan etc.). Dynamics of modern population shifts is characterized with such trends as asthenization and juvenilization of body structure by increasing the duration of the growth processes and biological maturation. At the same time an increase in the sensitivity of the nervous system occurs, the growth of intellectual abilities with the expansion of human cognitive skills is observed, creativity manifestation of consciousness is shown (L.A.Rudkevich et al.). Our long-term cohort study of highly qualified swimmers showed significant differences between the winners in their age groups and elite athletes (T.S.Timakova). Comparative analysis between young athletes and elite swimmers showed that body structure of the elite swimmers has a trend to greater leptosomy, as well as higher electrodermal sensitivity and hypersensitivity toward vibratactile stimulation. Greater complications in the somatotype are accompanied with more signs of heteromorphism by lengthening the period of biological maturation in general. Our retrospective analyses of the three years observation data of elite racing skiers is of particular interest. Data processing was carried with the method of factor – typological description of the athletes. The analysis included anthropological characteristics, the results of functional testing till total exhaustion, as well as 16-PF questionnaire of R.Cattell. Results of the study revealed the advantages of athletes with more complex somatotype characteristics, which manifest a tendency towards wonderful activity economization of energy supply. A comparison of the selected groups of athletes of different classes of professional success with the structural features of their personality showed the advantages of those with severe manifestations of reflection and action mechanism of the unconscious (intuition and fast-action).

Ключевые слова

high-qualified athletes, factor-typological description, different classes of professional success, more complicated somatotype

Цит.: Timakova Tatiana MODERN TENDENCIES IN THE PHENOTYPE CHANGES OF HIGH-QUALIFIED ATHLETES // Вестник Московского университета. Серия XXIII. Антропология, 2014; 3/2014; с. 45-46