Вестник Московского университета
Серия XXIII
Антропология
Серия XXIII
Антропология
1) Federal Scientific Centre of Physical Culture and Sport, Moscow, Russia; 2) Research Institute and Museum of Anthropology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
Abramova Tamara, e-mail: atf52@bk.ru.
Characteristics of the musculoskeletal system in 231 elite male athletes from 11 Olympic sports, age of 19–36 were investigated. The purpose of research is to study type-specific traits of the spatial position of torso, pelvis and foot in elite athletes men specializing in different kinds of sport with the use of modern quantitative methods. The methods included computer optical topography (1994, Novosibirsk). Disorders of orientation and shape of the body sagittal, front and horizontal planes, the frequency of local deviations in posture from the norm were determined. Characteristics of the position and arch of the foot were determined by a computer complex “Diasled-Scan”. The type-specific risks of incorrect posture and foot related to sports specialization were identified. It was shown that the deviation of the spatial orientation and shape of the body, the position of the foot setting were correlated under the intense muscular activity; they have an influence on the increase of the evolutionarily formed functional asymmetry in humans, aggravated by strenuous physical activity. Main motor stereotype, in a long-accented training process, forms a specific muscle profile with the imbalance of the paired torso muscle groups, and the agonists-antagonists muscles of the lower limbs and trunk. Most general and essential posture indicators in the total subpopulation of athletes are the round or round-shouldered back, a left-side curvature of the spine in chest department and a right-hand twisting of a trunk towards pelvis. Common positions of violations are supplemented with the type-specific changes, particularly in sports, both “symmetric”, and “asymmetric” in terms of biomechanics of the competitive exercise: archery, cross-country skiing, biathlon, curling. Positional settings stop athletes characterized mainly by valgus-varus of the left-right asymmetry from a greater support on the left foot that is a direct projection of the left-hand shift of the spinal processes with right-to-torso twisting.
musculoskeletal system, posture, foot, elite athletes
Цит.: Abramova Tamara, Nikitina Tatjana, Kochetkova Natalja, Giljarova Olga CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SPATIAL POSITION OF THE TORSO, PELVIS AND FOOT IN THE MALE ELITE ATHLETES OF DIFFERENT SPORTS // Вестник Московского университета. Серия XXIII. Антропология, 2014; 3/2014; с. 24-24
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