Moscow University
Anthropology
Bulletin
Anthropology
Bulletin
Lomonosov Moscow State University, Anuchin Research Institute and Museum of Anthropology, Mokhovaya st., 11, Moscow, 125009, Russia
Shpak Larisa Yu.; PhD; ORCID: 0000-0002-6936-9426; larusparus@mail.ru
Introduction. The roman sculptural portrait is based on the etruscan-italic tradition of physiognomic portrait, which, in fact, remained etruscan until the 2nd century BC. Most of the roman veristic portraits were created during the 1st century BC, the late Roman republic. There are practically no portrait sculptures of the earlier periods of the republic, in contrast to the presence of a large number of religious-contextual portraits in the genre of terracotta heads. Materials and methods. The materials for the composite portraits were images from electronic antique collections of museums, image banks and catalogs. To obtain visual images of the studied groups, the composite portrait method was used in a digital program. Results and discussion. Unlike the roman sculptural portrait of the 1st century BC, which has a specific purpose and real prototypes, prototypes of votive terracotta heads of the 3rd – 1st centuries BC can be both real people and typified model-forms. The main differences between the composite roman portraits from the etruscan-italic votives relate to the orbital part of the face, the nose width and the upper lip hight. The composite images of the roman votives of Latium are similar to the composite roman sculptural portrait in the nose width. The morphological differences between the votive portrait and the Roman republican sculptural portrait can be a reflection of really different anthropological types, which does not except the presence of the cumulative (Greeks, Etruscans, Latins) canon of morphological form in votive portraits. Conclusion. The early Roman portrait, represented by two distinctive forms of portraiture, reveals different anthropological types. The extent to which a possible morphological canon of votive heads gifts is influenced by Greek prototypes can be determined by comparison with a composite Greek portrait.
anthropology; antique portrait; roman sculptural portrait; votive terracotta heads; composite portrait
DOI: 10.32521/2074-8132.2021.3.096-108
Цит.: Shpak L.Yu. Roman sculptural portrait and votive portrait of the Roman republic time (preliminary comparative data on composite portraits) // Moscow University Anthropology Bulletin (Vestnik Moskovskogo Universiteta. Seria XXIII. Antropologia), 2021; 3/2021; с. 96-108 (Published: September 14, 2021)
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