Moscow University
Anthropology
Bulletin
Anthropology
Bulletin
1) FSBI «Research Centre for Medical Genetics», Moskvorechie st., 1, Moscow, 115522, Russia; 2) The Amur State University of Humanities and Pedagogy, Kyrova st., 17 (2), Komsomolsk-on-Amur, 681000, Russia; 3) Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, RAS, Gubkina st., 3, GSP-1, Moscow, 119991, Russia; 4) Kemerovo State Medical University, Voroshilova st., 22 (a), Kemerovo, 650056, Russia
Balanovska Elena Vladimirovna, Doctor of Biology, Professor, ORCID ID: 0000-0002-3882-8300; balanovska@mail.ru; Bogunov Yury Vasilievich, PhD of Biology, ORCID ID: 0000-0001-7643-3660; forbogunov@inbox.ru; Bogunova Anna Aleksandrovna, PhD of Biology, ORCID ID: 0000-0001-9543-1492;: ansyach@yandex.ru; Kamenshchikova Evgeniya Nikolaevna, PhD in Pedagogy, ORCID 0000-0003-1484-0820; mangu_evgenia@mail.ru; Pylev Vladimir Yurievich, ORCID ID: 0000-0001-9541-8319; freetrust@ya.ru; Bychkovskaya Lubov Sergeevna, ORCID ID: 0000-0001-8681-2306; bychkovskaya_l@mail.ru; Balanovsky Oleg Pavlovich, Doctor in Biology, Professor RAS, ORCID ID: 0000-0003-4218-6889; balanovsky@inbox.ru; Lavryashina Marya Borisovna, Doctor of Biology, Professor, ORCID ID: 0000-0003-1593-0676; lmb2001@mail.ru
Materials and methods. We have analyzed the demographic structure of the Koryak population residing at the periphery of areas occupied by 3 indigenous ethnic groups: Koryaks, Chukchi and Evens. Demographic parameters (sex, age, family composition, marriage type) were calculated for the Koryaks from 3 settlements in the Olyutor district of Kamchatka region based on household records from 2018. The studied cohort of 2,614 villagers is dominated by the indigenous peoples of the Far East: 27% are Chukchi, 21% are Koryak, and 10% are Even. The non-indigenous population is mostly represented by Russians (37%). Results. The mean age of the Koryaks inhabiting the northeast Kamchatka (31 years) is only slightly higher than that of the general Koryak population (29 years). This difference is greater for Chukchi and Evens, reaching up to 8–10 years. The sharp imbalance in the sex ratio observed in the Koryak population is caused by the decline in the male population, striking at 35-40 years; in the over 35 age group, there are twice as many women as men (SR=0.45), whereas in the under 35 age group, there is an equilibrium (SR=1.02). For Koryaks, the population pyramid can be described as constrictive: middle-aged individuals make up two-thirds of the total Koryak population; 92% of Koryaks die before the age of 60. According to the census records, younger age categories were shrinking steadily from 40% in 1979 to 28% in 2010. In the settlements included in this study, younger age categories constitute only 23% of the Koryak population. The sharp prevalence of interethnic marriages (84%) among the Koryak occupying the North of Kamchatka is an important trend. Most of these marriages are with non-indigenous individuals. The majority of children born into such marriages are registered as Koryak. Conclusion. The sharp prevalence of interethnic marriages and registering children born into such marriages as Koryak produce a cumulative effect, causing the original genetic pool of the Koryak to gradually disappear and get enriched in Slavic, Chukchi and Even genetic components. The detailed comparison with another peripheral population of Koryaks in Magadan region reveals a similar loss of ancient gene pools at the periphery of the historical Koryak area.
: demography; Koryaks; Evens; Chukchi; Kamchatka; marriage structure
DOI: 10.32521/2074-8132.2020.4.111-122
Цит.: Balanovska E.V., Bogunov Y.V., Bogunova A.A., Kamenshchikova E.N., Pylev V.Y., Bychkovskaya L.S., Balanovsky O.P., Lavryashina M.B. Demographic portrait of Koryaks from Northern Kamchatka // Moscow University Anthropology Bulletin (Vestnik Moskovskogo Universiteta. Seria XXIII. Antropologia), 2020; 4/2020; с. 111-122
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