Moscow University
Anthropology
Bulletin
Anthropology
Bulletin
1) FSBI «Research Centre for Medical Genetics», Moskvorechie st., 1, Moscow, 115522, Russia; 2) Amur State University of Humanities and Pedagogy, 17/2 Kirova Str., Komsomolsk-na-Amure, Khabarovsky kray, 681000, Russia; 3) Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, RAS, Gubkina st., 3, GSP-1, Moscow, 119991, Russia; 4) Kemerovo State Medical University, Voroshilova Street, 22a, Kemerovo, 650056, Russia
Balanovska Elena V., DSci in Biology, Professor; ORCID ID: 0000-0002-3882-8300; balanovska@mail.ru; Bogunov Yury V. PhD in Biology; ORCID ID: 0000-0001-7643-3660; forbogunov@inbox.ru; Bogunova Anna A. PhD in Biology; ORCID ID: 0000-0001-9543-1492; ansyach@yandex.ru; Kamenshchikova Evgeniya Nikolaevna, PhD in Pedagogy; ORCID ID: 0000-0003-1484-0820; mangu_evgenia@mail.ru; Chernishenko Dmitry N., ORCID ID: 0000-0001-7156-1049; rabotamech@mail.ru; Pylev Vladimir Y., ORCID ID: 0000-0001-9541-8319; freetrust@ya.ru; Balanovsky Oleg P., DSci in Biology, Professor RAS; ORCID ID: 0000-0003-4218-6889; balanovsky@inbox.ru; Lavryashina Marya B., DSci in Biology, Professor; ORCID ID: 0000-0003-1593-0676; lmb2001@mail.ru.
Materials and methods. We analyzed the demographic structure of Chukchi population from Kamchatka region living at the periphery of the Chukchi ethnic area in the contact zone with the other indigenous ethnic groups. The demographic parameters were calculated for two settlements with the maximum numbers of ethnic Chukchi in Kamchatka region. Detailed registers of all houses and families in the settlements were used as the data sources. Among 1259 registered persons the majority (87%) belonged to the indigenous ethnic groups of the Far East: Chukchi (50%), Koryaks (19%), and Evens (18%). The non-indigenous groups were present mainly by Russians (10%). Results. The average age of the Chukchi individuals from Kamchatka was substantially higher than that of Chukchi from Chukotka. The average age differed between sexes more pronouncedly than in most other populations from Russia. The ratio of females and males in Chukchi and Even populations is optimal while in Koryaks the number of females exceeds number of males significantly. The narrowed reproduction pattern was revealed for all three ethnic groups. None of the ethnic groups meets the genetic criterion of a population because the inter-ethnic marriages comprises more that a half of all marriages: 61% in Chukchi, 88% in Koryaks, and 86% in Evens. Note that most marriages occur between different indigenous groups. Children in Even-Chukchi families were more often registered as Chukchi than children in Koryak-Chukchi families. This might shift the gene pool of this peripheral Chukchi population towards genetic characteristics of Evens. Conclusion. The settlements of North Kamchatka populated mainly by ethnic Chukchi represented a “melting pot”. Each indigenous ethnic group is not an endogamous population, however most inter-ethnic marriages occur between indigenous groups rather than with non-indigenous ones. This shaped the “indigenous metapopulation”, which is stable and endogamous (73% of marriages occur within the metapopulation), thought gene pools of separate ethnic groups are pooling together. The another peripheral Chukchi population from Yakutya demonstrated that this group has already lost the specific features of the Chukchi gene pool because of intensive admixture. Comparing these two demographic portraits indicated that an alarming disappearing of the ancient gene pools is particularly meaningful for the populations at the periphery of ethnic areas.
demography; indigenous groups; Chukchi; Koryaks; Evens; Kamchatka; marriage networks; reproduction; population size
DOI: 10.32521/2074-8132.2020.1.087-097
Цит.: Balanovska E.V., Bogunov Y.V., Bogunova A.A., Kamenshchikova E.N. и(2, 1), Chernishenko D.N., Pylev V.Y., Balanovsky O.P., Lavryashina M.B. Demographic situation in Chukchi settlements from North Kamchatka // Moscow University Anthropology Bulletin (Vestnik Moskovskogo Universiteta. Seria XXIII. Antropologia), 2020; 1/2020; с. 87-97
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