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5. Analysis of the gene pool of the south-eastern Bashkirs in the context of their clan structure (according to the y-chromosome polymorphism)

Analysis of the gene pool of the south-eastern Bashkirs in the context of their clan structure (according to the y-chromosome polymorphism)

Yusupov Y.M. (1), Skhalyakho R. (2,3,4), Agdzhoyan A.T. (4,5), Asilgujin R. (1), Olkova M.V. (5), Sultanova G. (1), Zhabagin M.K. (6), Koshel S.M. (7), Balanovsky O. (4,5,8), Balanovska E. (5,8).

1) Institute of Strategic Studies of the Republic of Bashkortostan, Kirov str., 15, Ufa, 450008, Russia; 2) Research Park of St. Petersburg University, Botanicheskaya St., 17, Peterhof, St. Petersburg, 198504, Russia; 3) FSIB «Institute of Toxicology» of Federal Medico-Biologocal Agency, Bekhtereva st., 1, St. Petersburg, 192019, Russia; 4) Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, RAS, Gubkina st., 3, Moscow, 119991, Russia; 5) Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution «Research Centre for Medical Genetics», Moskvorechie st., 1, Moscow, 115522, Russia; 6) National Center for Biotechnology, Kurgalzhynskoye road, 13/5, Nur-Sultan, 010000, Kazakhstan; 7) Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Geography, Department of Cartography and Geoinformatics, GSP 1, Moscow, 119991, Russia; 8) Biobank of Northern Eurasia, Kotlyakovsaya st., 3, Moscow, 115201, Russia

Yusupov Yuldash M., PhD in History; ORCID ID: 0000-0002-7210-7136; ufa1980@yandex.ru; Skhalyakho Roza A., PhD in Biology; ORCID ID: 0000-0002-4005-1887; shalyaho.roza@yandex.ru; Agdzhoyan Anastasiya T., PhD in Biology; ORCID ID: 0000-0002-8776-2934; aagdzhoyan@mail.ru; Asilgujin.Rafil, PhD in Philosophy; ORCID ID: 0000-0003-4302-665X; asrafil@yandex.ru; Olkova Marina V., ORCID ID: 0000-0002-2322-6817; genetics@inbox.ru; Sultanova Gulfina,; ORCID ID: 0000-0003-0056-4714; gulsultan@mail.ru; Zhabagin Maxat K., PhD in Biology; ORCID ID: 0000-0003-3414-0610; mzhabagin@gmail.com; Koshel Sergey M., PhD in Geography; ORCID ID: 0000-0002-4540-2922; skoshel@mail.ru; Balanovska Elena V., Doctor in Biology, Professor; ORCID ID: 0000-0002-3882-8300; balanovska@mail.ru; Balanovsky Oleg P., Doctor in Biology, Professor RAS; ORCID ID: 0000-0003-4218-6889; balanovsky@inbox.ru

Abstract

Materials and methods. We have studied the gene pools of 6 clans of the South-Eastern Bashkirs from 9 southern and south-eastern regions of Bashkiria (total selection N = 292). The clan associations of ancient Bashkir origin are represented by Burzyan, Usergan and Yurmaty clans, and the Kypchak origin community unites Kypchak, Tamyan and Tungaur clans. All samples were studied by the wide panel of 68 SNP and 17 STR-markers of Y-chromosome. Results. The research revealed the comparative genetic heterogeneity of the ancient Bashkir clans and the relative genetic homogeneity of the Kypchak origin clans. A high frequency of the «North-European» haplogroup N3a4-Z1936 is specific for clans of ancient Bashkir (Usergan, Yurmaty) and Kypchak (Tungaur) origin. The haplogroup R1a1’4*-M198(xM458) is distinctive for Kypchak origin clans but it was also detected in the Yurmaty clan. The haplogroups of southern and south-western origin are characteristic for the ancient Bashkir circle clans: Burzyan clan – the haplogroup R1b1’12-GG405, Usergan – J2*-M172(xM67,M12). A parallel analysis of the gene pool and clan structure (by methods of multidimensional statistics and cartographic analysis) allowed the hypothesis that the main genetic layer is associated with the Finno-Ugric population of Eastern Europe and the Urals. The Central Asian (Mongolian) influence on the gene pool of the South-Eastern Bashkirs is extremely weak which confirms the thesis of historiography that Bashkortostan being unattractive for nomadic farming wasn’t a part of the nomad zone of the Horde population. Conclusion. The problem of the potestary system effect on the gene pool structure is examined on the model of the south-eastern Bashkirs. The ancient Bashkir clans weakly interacted with the Kypchak clans at the gene pool level, despite the long period of cohabitation. However, the clans of the Kypchak circle included significant genetic components of the ancient Bashkir clans, thereby their potestary organization was oriented on the inclusion of the foreign ethnic component. The structure preservation of populations was determined by two factors: the clan-ulus system and the multi-structured economy.

Keywords

gene geography; human population genetics; gene pool; Y-chromosome; haplogroup; south-eastern Bashkirs; Kypchaks; South Urals

DOI: 10.32521/2074-8132.2019.4.054-066

Цит.: Yusupov Y.M., Skhalyakho R., Agdzhoyan A.T., Asilgujin R., Olkova M.V., Sultanova G., Zhabagin M.K., Koshel S.M., Balanovsky O., Balanovska E.. Analysis of the gene pool of the south-eastern Bashkirs in the context of their clan structure (according to the y-chromosome polymorphism) // Moscow University Anthropology Bulletin (Vestnik Moskovskogo Universiteta. Seria XXIII. Antropologia), 2019; 4/2019; с. 54-66