Moscow University
Anthropology
Bulletin
Anthropology
Bulletin
The M.F. Vladimirskiy Moscow oblast Research Clinical Institute, Russia
Shcheplyagina Larisa, e-mail: cheply@mail.ru.
The linear growth is an important indicator of health and harmonious development of child. It is known that dimensions of skeleton depend on content of calcium in bones. Until now, it was considered that only dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry made it possible to determine amount of bone mineral in skeleton bones. However, application of dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry for evaluation of growth processes in children is not recommended. The implementation of qualitative ultrasound analysis of bones in pediatrics permitted to establish that this method reflects content of calcium in cortical layer of tubular bones. During last 10 years it is proved that linear growth of children of early and preschool age depend on content of calcium in cortical layer of tubular bones. The original national standards of bone strength in children from birth to 16 years were developed to implement qualitative ultrasound analysis into pediatric practice. The sampling included 2854 examined children from period of newborn to 16 years. The study used ultrasound device Sunlight Omnisense (Israel). The indicators of bone strength were determined according speed of sound - SOS (m/sec) passing along cortical layer. The speed of sound is an integral value characterizing content of mineral in bone, structure of cortical level and its thickness. This method is distinguished by its high sensitivity and specificity, rapidity of application and low cost. The analysis provides values of bone strength and integral value (Z-score) expressed in units of standard deviation (SD) towards middle-aged standard of bone strength for children of the same age and gender. The original standards of bone strength (M±m) with regard to age and gender were developed. On the assumption of standards, children with decrease of speed of sound less than -1SD are referred to risk group with decreasing of growth rate, skeleton size and insufficient content of mineral in cortical layer. The application of national standards made it possible to establish insufficient mineralization of tubular bones in 9.8% of newborns, 10.2% of children of first year of life, 10.8% of two-year-old children and in 12.5% of three-year-old children. Besides, it is proved that under value of speed of sound less than -1SD significantly more frequent low physical development and body height less than 10th percentile were observed (p<0,05). This pattern is observed in older age and especially in children with severe chronic pathology effecting linear growth. Therefore, monitoring of age-related mineralization of bones using method of quantitative ultrasound examination makes it possible to form risk group with disorders of physiological processes of mineralization of skeleton and linear growth for benefit of practical significance.
children, quantitative ultrasound examination, mineralization of skeleton, linear growth.
Цит.: Shcheplyagina Larisa THE LINEAR GROWTH: PROGNOSIS CRITERIA IN GROWING UP CHILDREN // Moscow University Anthropology Bulletin (Vestnik Moskovskogo Universiteta. Seria XXIII. Antropologia), 2014; 3/2014; с. 134-135
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