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5. THE ENDOGENOUS AND EXOGENOUS FACTORS INFLUENCING OBESITY

THE ENDOGENOUS AND EXOGENOUS FACTORS INFLUENCING OBESITY

Bondareva E.A.

Lomonosov Moscow State University, Anuchin Research Institute and Museum of Anthropology, Mokhovaya st., 11, Moscow, 125009, Russia

Bondareva E.A., Ph.D., ORCID ID: 0000-0003-3321-7575, e-mail: Bondareva.E@gmail.com

Abstract

Obesity is a growing epidemic which presents a significant clinical problem. While some years ago this was only regarded as a problem for developed countries, recently the same trend is observed in developing countries. Overweight and obesity results from an imbalance in energy homeostasis, whereby the consequences of excessive calorie intake are not balanced by increased energy expenditure. Among factors influencing obesity risk are: genetic predisposition, activity of brown fat tissue, physical activity level, diet, socioeconomic status, environmental factors. As obesity and overweight causes several common diseases, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, cardiovascular diseases and increased risk of certain types of cancer. The knowledge of the complex of «obesity promoting» factors should be used in early prediction of obesity and prevention in all groups of people with high level of obesity risk. In the presented paper different types of adipose tissue and some metabolic and functional characteristics are reviewed. Also, molecular- genetic determinants of obesity and general exogenous factors influencing obesity are reviewed.

Keywords

anthropology, obesity, BAT, FTO, adipocytes, caloric intake

Цит.: Bondareva E.A. THE ENDOGENOUS AND EXOGENOUS FACTORS INFLUENCING OBESITY // Moscow University Anthropology Bulletin (Vestnik Moskovskogo Universiteta. Seria XXIII. Antropologia), 2016; 4/2016; с. 27-36