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5. RUSSIAN FEDERATION POPULATION DECLINE

RUSSIAN FEDERATION POPULATION DECLINE

Grigulevich Nadezda

Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia

Grigulevich Nadezda, e-mail: nadia100@rambler.ru.

Abstract

In demographic processes whose principal characteristics are birthrate decrease and mortality growth, sharp shifts have been noted in the Russian Federation starting from the 1990’s. Mortality grew from 10.4‰ to 15‰ in 1986–1994. The birthrate fell from 2 to 1.3 children in 1987–1993. The mortality reached to 1.807.400 people in 1992, with the birthrate falling to 1.587.600 people. The process of depopulation which was called “the Russian cross” began. Nearly 2 million people died annually in the country according to the official data of the Russian Federal State Statistics Service in 1993–2013. A special and a very serious problem is a middle-aged men mortality that is 7–8 times higher, than in the developed countries. The present study considers some social-economic and ecological processes, which promoted the growth of negative indicators in the population dynamics. We compared the mortality and decline of the population in different regions of Russia and showed that there is a correlation between alcohol mortality and decrease of population. A confessional factor is very important also. The mortality rate is far below the average for the country in those territories of Russia, where the population is predominantly Muslim. The demographic transition in Russia is characterized not only by a drop in fertility, as in the other developed countries, but also by increase in mortality. The mortality is a real indicator of the socio-economic and demographic situation for this or that region of Russia and it should be used by the authorities of different levels for the development of the area.

Keywords

population decline, life expectancy, dynamics of mortality, birth rate, adaptation, Russia

Цит.: Grigulevich Nadezda RUSSIAN FEDERATION POPULATION DECLINE // Moscow University Anthropology Bulletin (Vestnik Moskovskogo Universiteta. Seria XXIII. Antropologia), 2014; 3/2014; с. 96-96