Moscow University
Anthropology
Bulletin
Anthropology
Bulletin
Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
Pestryakov Alexandr, e-mail: pestryackov.a@yandex.ru.
To assess the patterns of human cranial differentiation we used characteristics other than those traditionally employed in racial studies. Based on the size and shape of the skull three modern craniotypes were established – Tropids, Holarctids, and Pacifids. Differences between them concern three major dimensions of the braincase (Martin 1, 8, and 17) and their ratios, as proposed by V.V. Bunak (1922). In addition to standard ratios (8:1, 17:1, 17:8) the following generalized parameters were used: ORV (total growth dimension) = (12+82+172)1/2 and indexes of form: dolichoid = (1/8*1/17)1/2*100; brahioid = (8/1*8/17) 1/2*100; hipsioid = (17/1*17/8) 1/2*100. The Tropids originated in the tropical zone of the Old World. They have the smallest crania with ORV=262.6, with the largest longitudinal diameter and the smallest transverse diameter. Holarctids, who originated in northern Eurasia, are characterized by the largest crania ORV=266.7, the largest transverse development, and the smallest cranial height. The Pacifids originated in East Asia and spread on both sides of the Pacific (in Asia and America). They are characterized by large crania (ORV=265.7), which are high and broad but short. Apart from these groups, there are also local ones such as Capoids (Bushmen and Hottentots) and Tropical Pacifids (Andamanese and Aeta). This classification is based on general cranial shape, not on “racial” traits. Therefore certain disagreement between geographic races and craniotypes is predictable (Pestryakov, 1995; Pestryakov, Grigorieva, 2004).
craniometry, cranial differentiation, cranial types
Цит.: Pestryakov Alexandr, Grigorieva Olga CRANIOLOGICAL DIFFERENTIATION OF MODERN MANKIND // Moscow University Anthropology Bulletin (Vestnik Moskovskogo Universiteta. Seria XXIII. Antropologia), 2014; 3/2014; с. 78-78
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