Moscow University
Anthropology
Bulletin
Anthropology
Bulletin
Lomonosov Moscow State University, Anuchin Research Institute and Museum of Anthropology, Mokhovaya st., 11, Moscow, 125009, Russia
Perevozchikov Ilya V., e-mail: perevozchikovev@mail.ru; Vergeles M.O., e-mail: vergeles@rocketmail.com; Shpak Larisa Y., Ph.D., ORCID ID: 0000-0002-6936-9426, e-mail: larusparus@mail.ru; Sukhova Alla V., Ph.D., ORCID ID: 0000-0002-8809-3592, e-mail: alla-sukhova@bk.ru
In this article, we took the opportunity to explore anthropological characteristics of the Dutch from the exhibition of the Pushkin state museum of fine arts on September 20, 2013 –January 19, 2014 «Group portraits of the Dutch golden age from the Amsterdam Museum». The sample consisted of 88 individuals and in addition, there ware 17 faces of a Dutch group portrait from the permanent exhibition of the State Hermitage. The bulk of these were members of the rifle companies, groups of syndics and regents (heads of charitable institutions) and members of professional guilds. Almost all of them were men, predominantly urban, of middle and wealthy classes. From the painting of the first picture to the last in our sample lasted approximately 100 years, i.e. 3–4 generations (1557–1673). The main feature of our research was the anthropological characterization of the sample and a population-based approach to the series, while we tried to stick as closely as possible the traditional descriptive methods. For objective rea-sons the choice of the sample depends on the number and quality of available images. In addition to the usual calculations of frequencies we created composite portraits, but the number of individuals in a com-posite was less. General characteristics of our sample can be presented as follows we have a group of people, certainly, europeoid appearance, with a predominance of the Central European and Northern European anthropological variants and only several individuals had the features of the Mediterranean type. Feature selection is moderate, depigmentation, and there is a substantial admixture in the colour of the hair and beard of rufous shades. The nose is usually moderately long or long with a predominance of straight profile, with a trend towards high and narrow bridge. We had an opportunity to split the sample into two groups: the «early» and «late», this dividing line is conditional on 1609–1621 years, during the temporary truce in the Dutch struggle for independence from Spain. Differences in the physical type of the people of these two samples are well traced in the composite portraits. Despite the relative paucity of the samples, composite portraits appear to reflect the real picture of the differences between them. These differences are recorded in the morphology of the face, primarily in the features the vertical profile. The later sample when compared to the early is clearly general prognatos. There are also differences in the height of the lower part of the face. The «early» sample has considerably more height of the face at the expense of massive lower jaw with a high body. The last feature is characteristic of the more ancient and Northern variants of Europeans.
anthropology, composite portraits, physical type of the people of Amsterdam, 16–17 centuries
Цит.: Perevozchikov I.V., Vergeles M.O., Shpak L.Y., Sukhova A.V. The anthropological characteristics of the Amsterdam population from the 16th and 17th centu-ries // Moscow University Anthropology Bulletin (Vestnik Moskovskogo Universiteta. Seria XXIII. Antropologia), 2015; 4/2015; с. 97-106
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