Moscow University
Anthropology
Bulletin
Anthropology
Bulletin
1) Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of biology, Department of anthropology, Leninskie Gory, 1, p.12, Moscow, 119991, Russia; 2) Lomonosov Moscow State University, Anuchin Research Institute and Museum of Anthropology, Mokhovaya st., 11, Moscow, 125009, Russia
Romanova P.R., e-mail: polinikum@yandex.ru; Goncharova Natalia N., Ph.D., ORCID ID: 0000-0001-8504-1175, e-mail: 1455008@gmail.com; Godina E.Z., D.Sc., prof., ORCID ID: 0000-0002-0692-420X, e-mail: egodina11@gmail.com; Chertoryghin A.B., e-mail: oldoway.478@gmail.com
The purpose of this study was a comparative examination of schoolchildren’s posture in 7–8 and 11–12-year-olds and identification of the most informative characteristics of posture in boys of those ages. Subjects and methods. Boys of two age groups (7–8 and 11–12 years old), students of a Moscow school, were studied in 2014. The total sample size is 96 individuals: 47 from the first age group and 49 from the second one. The program included classical anthropometric and goniometric measurements: angles, characterizing the posture, inclination angle of the neck base, measurements of asymmetry in acromion and iliospinale points, inclination angle of the pelvis in the sagittal plane; as well as the assessment of a child’s somatotype [Shtefko-Ostrovsky, 1929]. Results and discussion. While comparing goniometric characteristics in two age cohorts, it was revealed that the angle of pelvis in the sagittal plane in the group of 7–8-year-old boys was significantly higher than that of 11–12-year-olds. The same trend was typical for an inclination angle of the base of the neck (p <0.05). Thus, pelvis and the neck base form a sharper angle with the support surface in the older children, compared to the younger ones. ANOVA results confirm those obtained earlier with the analysis by age cohorts. It was shown that there was a significant decrease in the inclination angle of the neck by 9° due to age. The analysis of changes in the neck angle values in children with different somatotypes shows that children with thoracic and muscular somatotypes have smaller angle and, therefore, they are characterized by a straightened posture. A trend towards an increase in thoracic kyphosis is revealed in the older age cohort. When analyzing by annual intervals, this trend is confirmed, and differences between 7-year-old and 12-year-old boys are significant. For the boys with different somatotypes, it is shown that the angle of thoracic kyphosis is sharper in boys with asthenic and digestive body types. That may mean that they have a stooping back. The most informative features for characterizing the posture in boys aged 7–12 years are: chest kyphosis angle and inclination angle of the base of the neck. The angle of thoracic kyphosis shows a steady trend towards a decrease from the younger to the older age group. Also, in the older boys the inclination angle of the base of the neck becomes sharper, which means a more inclined position of the axial skeleton with respect to the support surface, and may indicate a deterioration of the posture.
physical anthropology, ergonomics, posture, goniometry, school-age boys
Цит.: Romanova P.R., Goncharova N.N., Godina E.Z., Chertoryghin A.B. Goniometric characteristics of posture in schoolboys of two age groups // Moscow University Anthropology Bulletin (Vestnik Moskovskogo Universiteta. Seria XXIII. Antropologia), 2015; 2/2015; с. 45-51
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